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65 182 المدينة العربية / العدد شارة،، تعبئة التمويل الجماعي عبر � ميراندا ب شمول المالي، حوار � أجل تحقيق ال � إنترنت من ال إقليمي لمنطقة البوابة مع ليف بلافيز، المدير ال صغر � أ ض ال � إقرا صة كيفا ل � سط، من � أو شرق ال � ال ww.microfinancegateway.org/ar/ library أجنبية ثانياً: المراجع ال “ Hu ,Bin and Zheng, Liansheng (2016), “Digital Finance: Definition, Models, Risk, and Regulation”, Development of China’s Financial Supervision and Regulation, pp 3158-. ,SCRONCE,ERINandBUCHER, KAI (2014) “Innovators Use Digital Finance to Tackle Big Development Challenges”,http:// blogs.worldbank.org/voices/ innovators-use-digital-finance- t a c k l e - b i g - d e v e l o p m e n t - challenges MMU Managing the Risk of Fraud in Mobile Money, GSMA, 2012 (http://www.gsma . com/ mob i l e fordeve l opmen t /wp- content/uploads/20122012/10/_ MMU_Managing-therisk-of- fraud-in-mobile-money.pdf). Digital Financial Services Risk Assessment For Microfinance Institutions, A Pocket Guide, AFI, 2014 (https://lextonblog. files.wordpress.com/201409 // dfs_risk_guide_ sept_2014_final. pdf). Deal Index – Democratizing Finance Report, 2015 https:// www. sl ideshare.net /growvc/ democrat i s ing-finance-deal - index-research-teaser-july-2015 Mobile Financial Services Technology Risks, AFI, 2013 ( h t t p : / /www. afi- g l oba l . o rg / si tes/defaul t /files/pdfimages/ AFI_MFSWG_guidelinenote_ TechRisks.pdf) Risk Management in Mobile Money,Lake, IFC,2013(www.ifc. org/wps/wcm/ connect/37a0868 04236698d8220ae0dc33b630b/ Tool+7.1.+Risk+Management. pdf?MOD=AJPERES) w w w . s t a t i s t a . c o m / statistics/279957/number-of- mob i l e - p a yme n t - u s e r s - by - region/ w w w . s t a t i s t a . c o m / s t a t i s t i c s / 2 2 6 5 3 0 / mo b i l e - payment-transaction-volume- forecast/ w w w . s t a t i s t a . c o m / s t a t i s t i c s / 6 6 1 0 0 1 / s q u a r e - quarterly-capital-volume-loan/ www.statista.com/topics/1283/ crowdfunding/ www.kickstarter.com/help/stats w w w . s t a t i s t a . c o m / stat ist ics/325902/global-p2p- lending w w w . s t a t i s t a . c o m / statistics/630538/number-of-us- adult-p2p-payment-users